Optional Paper V : M.S in Special Education

Optional Paper V: COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION OF PEOPLE

WITH DISABILITIES

Credit Hours: 03

Unit 1: Introduction

1.1 Definition and concept of rehabilitation

1.2 Theories of community based rehabilitation

1.3 Prevention of disabilities

Unit 2: Philosophy of rehabilitation

2.1 Philosophical influences on rehabilitation

2.2 Islamic philosophy

2.3.2 Western philosophy

2.4 A framework for rehabilitation

Unit 3: Mobilizing for community action

3.1 The need of community involvement

3.2 Establishing a core group/rehabilitation committee

3.3 Need assessment

3.4 Screening of disabilities

3.5 Epidemiological surveys

3.6 Mobilizing resources (Philanthropist, professionals, volunteers,

donor agencies and local resources

Unit 4: Management of the CBR programme

4.1 Role of NGOs

4.2 Proposal designing

4.3 Project implementation

4.4 Recording progress

4.5 Evaluation of the programme

Unit 5: Use of media

5.1 Media and audiences

5.2 Using the traditional media

5.3 Multi-media strategies

5.4 Disability awareness

5.5 Monitoring, evaluation, feedback and follow-up.

Recommended Books:

Intagliata, J, Kraus, S, and Willer, B, (1980). The impact of deinstitutionalization on a community-based service system. Mental Retardation.

Polard A, Hall, H, & Kiernan, C (1979). Community services planning. In P.R. Magrab & J O Elder (Eds). Planning services to handicapped persons:
Community education, health. Baltimore, MD: Brookes.

Schalock, R L (1985). Comprehensive community services: A plea for interagency collaboration. In R H Bruininks & K C Lakin (eds). Living and learning in the least restrictive environment. Baltimor, MD. Brookes.

Mamula, R A & Newman, N. (1973). Community placement of the mentally retarded. Springfield, IL Thomas.

Rhodes, L E, & Valenta, L (1985). Industry-based supported employment: An enclave approach. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps.

Wald, B A & Rhodes, L E (1984). Developing model vocational programmes in rural settings for adults with severe retardation: The mobile crew model. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, Chicago, IL.

Wolfensberger, W (1969). Twenty predictions about the future of residential services in mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 6(7), 51-54.

Wolfensberger, W (1972). The principle of normalization in human services.Toronto, Ontario: National Institute on Mental Retardation.

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Optional Paper VI:     EARLY INTERVENTION

Unit 1:        Perspective, Policies and Practices

1. History of concern for Early Intervention
   1. Changing Perspectives
      
   2. Changing Policies
      
2. Service Delivery Models
   1. For Infants & Toddlers
      
   2. For 3-5 Year Olds
      
   3. For 5-Year Old
      
3. Current Practices
   1. Family Centered Intervention
      
   2. Naturalistic / Functional Curriculum
      
   3. Integration
      
   4. General Case Instruction
      
   5. Naturalistic Teaching Approaches
      
   6. Trans-disciplinary Team Approach
      
   7. Transition Planning
      

Unit     2:    Assessment and Program Development

1. Assessment
   

   a)    Assessment for Early Intervention
   
   b)    Evaluating Child Development and Learning
   
   
   1. Assessment Curriculum System for Early Childhood
      
   2. Parent Involvement
      
2. The Individualized Family Support Program (IFSP)
   
3. Individualized Educational Plan Development
   

2.4.    Home Based Program

Unit     3:    Naturalistic Curriculum Model

1. Traditional Curriculum Models
   
2. A Naturalistic Model
   1. Content of Instruction
      
   2. Context of Instruction
      
   3. Instructional Methods
      
   4. Evaluation Methods
      
3. Implementing a Naturalistic Curriculum
   

Unit     4:    Instructional Principles

1. Providing Assistance
   1. Prompts
      
   2. Graduated Guidance
      
   3. Cues
      
   4. Errorless Procedures
      
   5. Fading
      
2. Providing Encouragement
   1. Positive Reinforcement
      
   2. Shaping and Selective Reinforcement
      
   3. Environmental Arrangements
      
   4. Guidelines for Providing Effective Encouragement
      
3. Promoting Generalization
   1. Formulating General Case Objectives
      
   2. General Case Instruction
      
   3. Generalization Procedures
      

Unit     5:    Specialized Instructional Techniques

1. Communication Skills
   
2. Social Skills
   
3. Physical Development Skills
   
4. Adaptive Development Skills
   
5. Intervention in National Environment
   
6. Group Instruction
   

Unit:    6:    Program Organization, Management and Transition

1. Programmatic Variables
   
2. Program Management
   
3. Transition in Early Childhood
   
4. Planning Transition
   
5. Barriers to Transition Planning
   

Textbook:

Noonan, M.J., & McCormick, L. (1993). Early Intervention in National in Natural Environment. California: Brooks.



References:

• Apolloni, T., Cooke, T.P., (1978). Integrated Programming at the infant, toddler, and preschool levels. In M.J., Guralnick (Ed.)., Early Intervention and the Integration of Handicapped and non-Handicapped Children (pp.147-166). Baltimore: University Park Press.
  
• Bailey, D. B., (1989). Assessment and its importance in early intervention. In D.B., Bailey & M. Wolery(Eds.)., Assessing infants and preschoolers with handicaps (pp.1-22) Columbus, OH: Merrill.
  
• Brown, R.I., and Mitchell, D., (1991). Early Intervention Studies for Young Chidlren with Special Needs. London: Chapman & Hall.
  
• Drum, D.J., and Lawler, A.C., (1988). Developmental Interventions. London: Merill.
  
• Noonan, Mary Jo, and Linda McCormick. (1993). Early Interventions in Natural Environments: Methods and Procedure. California: Brooks / Cole.
  
• Haley, S.M., Hallenborg, S.C., & Gans, B.M., (1989). Functional assessment in young children with neurological impairments. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 9(1), 106-126.
  
• Shearer, M., & Shearer, D. (1972). The Portage Project: A model for early childhood. Exceptional Children, 39, 210-217.
  
• Kenward, D., and Roberts, J., (1993). A Workbook of Group-Analytic Intervention London: Routeledge.
  
• Virman, R., (2001). Early Childhood Education New Delhi: SAGE.
  

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